Ghana Revenue and Customs (GRA)

HM Revenue and Customs (GRA) is the Ghana government department responsible for the administration and collection of taxes, payment of some welfare benefits, and enforcement of certain regulations related to customs and international trade.

1. Ghana Import and Export Taxes

A. Import Taxes

When goods are brought into the Ghana from outside the country, various import taxes may apply. The primary components include:

• Customs Duty: This is a tax imposed on goods imported into the Ghana. The rate of customs duty depends on the type of goods and their value, as classified by the Harmonized System (HS) code. Certain goods may qualify for reduced rates or exemptions.
• Value Added Tax (VAT): This is a tax on goods and services, charged at a standard rate of 20% in the Ghana. For imported goods, VAT is charged based on the total value of the goods, which includes the customs duty. Businesses must register for VAT if their taxable turnover exceeds a specific threshold.
• Excise Duty: This applies to specific goods like alcohol, tobacco, and fuels. Excise duties can be substantial, and they are charged in addition to customs duties and VAT.

Exemptions and Reliefs

Certain goods may be exempt from import duties, such as:

• Gifts below a specified value.
• Goods intended for personal use, under specific conditions.
• Items covered under trade agreements, which may reduce or eliminate duties.

B. Export Taxes

Typically, the Ghana does not impose taxes on goods exported out of the country. Key points to consider include:

• Zero-rated VAT: Exports are usually zero-rated for VAT, meaning businesses do not charge VAT on goods sold to customers outside the Ghana. However, proper documentation must be maintained to substantiate the export.
• Customs Declarations: When exporting goods, businesses are required to complete customs declarations, detailing the type and value of goods being exported. This helps ensure compliance with international trade regulations.
• Licensing Requirements: Some goods may require export licenses due to trade restrictions, especially those related to military or sensitive items.

2. Ghana Customs Tax on Bullion Gold

A. Importing Gold Bullion

When gold bullion is imported into the Ghana, the following applies:

• Customs Duty: Generally, there is no customs duty on gold bullion. However, it’s essential to ensure that the gold meets purity standards to qualify for exemption from duty.
• VAT: Gold bullion is usually exempt from VAT when it meets GRA’s criteria. This typically applies to gold that is 24-carat or higher and sourced from recognized suppliers.

Documentation and Reporting

Importers must file a customs declaration when bringing gold into the Ghana. This includes providing details about the quantity, value, and origin of the gold. Keeping accurate records is essential for compliance and potential audits by GRA.

B. Exporting Gold Bullion

Exporting gold bullion also has specific regulations:

• No Export Duties: The Ghana does not charge export duties on gold bullion. However, proper documentation is necessary to prove the export.
• VAT Relief: Similar to imports, exports of gold bullion are typically zero-rated for VAT, meaning no VAT is charged on the sale of gold to overseas customers.

Licensing and Compliance

Depending on the quantity and destination of the gold, exporting may require licenses. It’s crucial to adhere to regulations regarding the movement of precious metals to comply with international trade laws.

Summary

GRA plays a crucial role in regulating import and export taxes in the Ghana, including the treatment of bullion gold. Understanding these regulations is vital for businesses and individuals involved in international trade to ensure compliance with the law. For detailed information and guidance, consulting the official GRA guidelines or seeking professional advice is recommended.